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FPM10A Optical Fingerprint Reader Scanner Sensor Module For Arduino

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Description

Upgrade your Arduino projects with the advanced FPM10A Optical Fingerprint Reader Scanner Sensor Module. This cutting-edge module offers seamless integration, exceptional performance, and enhanced security, making it the perfect choice for various applications.

Key Features:

  • Voltage Compatibility: Operates at a wide supply voltage range of DC 3.6V to 6.0V, or 3.3V.
  • Efficient Power Usage: Consumes less power, with a current draw of <120mA and a peak current of <140mA.
  • Swift Fingerprint Capture: Achieve rapid fingerprint image capture in under 1.0 second.
  • Precise Window: A 14mm x 18mm window size ensures accurate fingerprint placement.
  • Versatile Matching Modes: Supports both 1:1 match mode and 1:N search mode.
  • Ample Storage: Stores up to 200 fingerprint templates, with 256 bytes for signature files and 512 bytes for template files.
  • Robust Security: Offers five security levels, ranging from low to high (1 to 5), with a remarkable False Accept Rate (FAR) of <0.001% at security level 3.
  • Reliable Performance: A False Reject Rate (FRR) of <1.0% at security level 3 ensures dependable operation.
  • Swift Searches: Achieve rapid fingerprint matching in less than 1.0 second (1:500 average).
  • Flexible Connectivity: Interface via UART (TTL logic level) or USB2.0/USB1.1, with adjustable communication baud rates (9600 – 57600bps).
  • Wide Operating Range: Designed to perform flawlessly in temperatures ranging from -20°C to +50°C, with a relative humidity range of 40% to 85% (non-condensing).
  • Durable Storage: Capable of enduring storage temperatures from -40°C to +85°C, with a relative humidity of under 85% (non-condensing).
  • Compact Design: The fingerprint sensor module boasts compact dimensions of 56mm x 20mm x 21.5mm.

Hardware Connection:

Easily connect the module to your microcontroller using the provided serial communication interface. For direct communication, link the module’s data transmission pin (2nd pin, TD) to your microcontroller’s receiving pin (RXD), and the data reception pin (3rd pin, RD) to your microcontroller’s transmitting pin (TXD). For communication with RS-232 levels (e.g., a PC), incorporate level conversion circuitry (e.g., MAX232 circuit) between the module and the host computer.

Upgrade your Arduino projects with the FPM10A Optical Fingerprint Reader Scanner Sensor Module and elevate your security and functionality to new heights.

📌 Code Examples & Usage – FPM10A Optical Fingerprint Reader Module (UART)

📋 Overview

The FPM10A optical fingerprint reader module is a compact biometric sensor that captures and matches fingerprints using its internal processor and template storage. Your Arduino/ESP/Raspberry Pi simply communicates with it over UART serial (TX/RX).

Typical applications:

  • Access control & door locks

  • Equipment enable / safety interlocks

  • Attendance logging

  • User authentication projects

  • Smart cabinets / toolboxes

Fingerprint matching is performed inside the module, which keeps your code simple and fast.

⚙ Key Features

  • Sensor type: Optical fingerprint

  • Model: FPM10A

  • Interface: UART (TTL serial)

  • Supply: 3.3V–5V (most boards) (check your module label)

  • Onboard fingerprint template storage

  • Serial commands for enroll/search/delete

⚠ IMPORTANT – Power & Serial Notes

🚨 Power stability is critical
Fingerprint modules can draw high current bursts during scanning. Use a stable supply (avoid weak 3.3V regulators).

🚨 UART wiring must be crossed

  • Module TX → MCU RX

  • Module RX → MCU TX

  • GND must be shared

📌 Many FPM10A modules default to 57600 baud (most common) or sometimes 9600 depending on firmware.

🔌 Pinout (Typical)

Pin Function
VCC 3.3V or 5V
GND Ground
TX Serial data out
RX Serial data in

(Some variants have extra pins like TOUCH/WAKE — optional.)

🔌 Wiring – Arduino Uno (SoftwareSerial)

FPM10A Arduino Uno
VCC 5V (or 3.3V if your module requires)
GND GND
TX D2 (RX)
RX D3 (TX)

🔌 Wiring – ESP32 (Recommended)

Use a hardware UART (more reliable than SoftwareSerial):

FPM10A ESP32
VCC 5V (or 3.3V as required)
GND GND
TX GPIO16 (RX2)
RX GPIO17 (TX2)

🛠 Arduino IDE Library

Install via Library Manager:

  • Adafruit Fingerprint Sensor Library

Arduino IDE → Sketch → Include Library → Manage Libraries

This library supports many UART fingerprint modules including common FPM10A command sets.

🧪 1️⃣ Quick Test – Detect the Sensor

#include <Adafruit_Fingerprint.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial mySerial(2, 3); // RX, TX
Adafruit_Fingerprint finger = Adafruit_Fingerprint(&mySerial);

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);

// Try 57600 first (most common). If not detected, try 9600.
mySerial.begin(57600);

if (finger.verifyPassword()) {
Serial.println("Fingerprint sensor detected!");
} else {
Serial.println("Sensor not found. Check wiring and baud rate.");
while (1) { delay(10); }
}
}

void loop() {}

✅ If it fails, change:

mySerial.begin(9600);

🧪 2️⃣ Enroll Fingerprints (Built-in Example)

Use the included example:

File → Examples → Adafruit Fingerprint Sensor Library → Enroll

This will:

  • Ask you to select a fingerprint ID

  • Scan the same finger twice

  • Store the fingerprint template in the sensor memory

🧪 3️⃣ Match / Search Example (Print ID When Found)

uint8_t getFingerprintID() {
uint8_t p = finger.getImage();
if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK) return p;

p = finger.image2Tz();
if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK) return p;

p = finger.fingerFastSearch();
if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK) return p;

Serial.print("Match! ID #");
Serial.print(finger.fingerID);
Serial.print(" Confidence: ");
Serial.println(finger.confidence);

return finger.fingerID;
}

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
mySerial.begin(57600);
finger.begin(57600);

if (!finger.verifyPassword()) {
Serial.println("Sensor not found");
while (1) delay(10);
}
}

void loop() {
getFingerprintID();
delay(300);
}

🧪 4️⃣ Unlock a Relay When a Finger Is Valid

int relayPin = 8;

void setup() {
pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);

Serial.begin(9600);
mySerial.begin(57600);
finger.begin(57600);

if (!finger.verifyPassword()) {
while (1) delay(10);
}
}

void loop() {
uint8_t id = getFingerprintID();
if (id > 0 && id != FINGERPRINT_NOFINGER) {
digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH);
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);
}
}

📌 Works great with your low-level trigger relay boards too (just invert the relay logic if needed).

🔐 Storage Notes

  • Fingerprints are stored in the module’s internal memory

  • Power loss does not erase fingerprints

  • Capacity varies by model/firmware (often 100–300+ templates)

🧠 Common Issues & Fixes

Issue Cause Fix
Sensor not detected Wrong baud Try 57600 then 9600
No response TX/RX swapped Cross TX ↔ RX
Random resets Weak power Use stable supply (≥500mA recommended)
Poor reads Dirty lens / wet finger Clean sensor window
Inconsistent matching Bad enroll Re-enroll the finger slowly

Additional information

Weight 50 g
Dimensions 160 × 260 × 20 mm

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